Reflexionando sobre la odontología en escenarios de hoy y de mañana / Reflecting on dentistry in current and future scenarios

Esta reflexión plantea una auto interpelación e instala a la odontología ­mi odontología­ en el escenario global de la salud. Cada pregunta formulada reproduce una certeza con- templada o vivida; cada hipótesis representa una duda espe- ranzada. Los actores de la odontología deberemos dar res- puestas a las preguntas que nos formula el siglo XXI porque "la salud global se construye mediante un préstamo que nos está haciendo el mañana" (AU)

In this reflection, I ask myself questions and situate den- tistry ­my dentistry­ in the global health scenario. Each ques- tion replicates a certainty that has been considered or expe- rienced, and each hypothesis expresses a hopeful doubt. As actors involved in dentistry, we will have to provide answers to the questions posed by the 21st century, because "global health is constructed based on time being loaned to us by the future" (AU)

Estágio curricular obrigatório no Sistema Único de Saúde: saber aonde ir, para não ser levado a qualquer lugar / Mandatory curricular internship at Brazilian Unified Health System: knowing where to go to not be taken anywhere

O estágio curricular obrigatório configura-se, simultaneamente,como dispositivo pedagógico e desafio permanente para os cursos de Odontologia, tendo em vistaseu papel estratégico na articulação do processo formativo com o Sistema Único de Saúde(SUS). O presente artigo éuma revisão integrativasobre o tema,constituída a partir de 29 artigos cujo objetivo foicriar uma interpretaçãoampliada dessesestudos.Os aspectos positivos mais mencionados relacionaram-seàscaracterísticas do processo de trabalho vivenciado nas unidades de saúdeenfatizando a utilização de tecnologias leves, tradicionalmente ausentes no ambiente clínico-cirúrgico nas disciplinas tradicionais. Quantoaos pontos negativos, além das limitações institucionais, emergiram a dificuldade dos professores/preceptores noacompanhamentodos estagiáriose o distanciamento dosdentistasdas interações nas equipes multiprofissionais. Infere-se daanálise empreendida que ainda não existe um consenso acerca da função estruturante dos estágios nos ProjetosPedagógicos, sendo compreendidos, essencialmente, como atividadesdesenvolvidaspara melhorar a qualidade da formação, com foco exclusivamente nos discentes.Cursos de Odontologia que buscam serinovadores e protagonistas de mudanças devem imputar ao estágio um papel diferenciado, valorizando seu potencial agregador de elementos que, conjuntamente, significam o núcleo central da formação em Odontologia articulada ao SUS. Para essa valorização,é fundamental que haja permanente envolvimento e participação dos docentes, estudantes e, especialmente, profissionais de saúde e comunidade vinculados às Unidades de Saúde, cenário privilegiado do estágio, nas quais esse dispositivo pedagógico poderia ser desenvolvido de forma plena e compatível com a luta por saúde bucal universal, de qualidade, equânime e pública (AU).

The mandatory curricular internship is set up simultaneously as pedagogical device and permanent challenge for dental programs, considering its strategic role in the articulation of the training process with the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). This article is an integrative review on the subject, made from 29 articles whose objective was to create an enlarged interpretation of these studies. The most mentioned positive aspects were related to the characteristics of the work process experienced in thehealth units, emphasizing the use of soft technologies, traditionally absent in the clinical-surgical environment in the traditional disciplines. As for the negative aspects, beyond institutional limitations, there emerged the difficulty of teachers/preceptors in following the interns and the distancing of the dentists from interactions in multi-professional teams. It can be inferred from the analysis that there is not yet a consensus on the structuring role of the internships in the Pedagogical Projects. They are understood, essentially, as activities developed to enhance training quality, with focus exclusively on the students. Dental programs that seek to be innovative and protagonists of changes must give to the internship a differentiated role, valuingits potential of aggregating elements which together stand for the core of dental training articulated with SUS. It is fundamental the permanent involvement and participation of teachers, students and, especially, health care professionals and community associated to the Health Units (USF), the internship's privileged setting, in which this pedagogical device could be developed in a compatible way with the struggle for universal oral health, one of quality, equal and public (AU).

The Challenge of Dental Education After COVID-19 Pandemic - Present and Future Innovation Study Design.

The present work suggests research and innovation on the topic of dental education after the COVID-19 pandemic, is highly justified and could lead to a step change in dental practice. The challenge for the future in dentistry education should be revised with the COVID-19 and the possibility for future pandemics, since in most countries dental students stopped attending the dental faculties as there was a general lockdown of the population. The dental teaching has an important curriculum in the clinic where patients attend general dentistry practice. However, with SARS-CoV-2 virus, people may be reluctant having a dental treatment were airborne transmission can occur in some dental procedures. In preclinical dental education, the acquisition of clinical, technical skills, and the transfer of these skills to the clinic are extremely important. Therefore, dental education has to adapt the curriculum to embrace new technology devices, instrumentations systems, haptic systems, simulation based training, 3D printer machines, to permit validation and calibration of the technical skills of dental students.

Current State of Serious Games in Dentistry: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Over the past decade, serious games (SGs) have played a growing role in medical education and health promotion; however, little is known about their use in the field of oral health. This study provides a comprehensive synthesis about SGs developed for training oral health professionals or for health promotion in oral health. Material and Methods: A systematic search was conducted. The following electronic databases were reviewed: MEDLINE (1966 to September 2019), Embase (1980 to September 2019), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), LILACS and Scopus from inception to September 2019. Two reviewers independently screened and assessed the study's quality and extracted data. The Sardi and collaborators' tool was used to assess the quality of the evidence presented. Results: A total of 19 studies (25 articles) were selected. Games were divided into two categories: for specific educational purposes and for oral health promotion. Most studies involved oral health professions' students (n = 9) or school/preschool children (n = 9). Two studies included preschool children and parents. Interactive SGs were as effective as traditional noninteractive methods in improving oral health outcomes. Nonetheless, participants' feedback reflected a higher level of satisfaction in learning through games. The quality of the studies was limited due to the lack of a proper technical description of the games and the absence of discussion of the limitations and challenges of the games. Conclusion: The use of SGs in oral health is limited, and little valid empirical evidence is available to confirm their effectiveness. Further studies are required for using more rigorous designs, evaluation, and follow-ups.

Percepciones de estudiantes y docentes acerca de las competencias del tutor clínico en odontología: estudio descriptivo / Perceptions of students and teachers about the competences of the clinical tutor in Dentistry: a descriptive study

INTRODUCCIÓN: La tutoría clínica se define hoy como una actividad académica, que constituye un campo de transformación del conocimiento que implica a los estudiantes y docentes. El presente estudio describe las percepciones acerca de las competencias en la conducción del proceso tutorial de los protagonistas respecto a este espacio de verdadera transformación y crecimiento en este proceso educativo. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio descriptivo en el cual la variable percepción de la competencia docente del tutor clínico se evaluó en estudiantes y docentes del ciclo clínico de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Finis Terrae, en Chile. La percepción se operacionalizó en tres factores y se evaluó por medio de dos instrumentos: el Council of European Chief Dental Officers (estudiantes) y el Knowledge and Prior Study Inventory (docentes). Los datos se analizaron a través de medidas de tendencia central y la prueba no paramétrica t de Student. RESULTADOS: La percepción de los docentes y la de los estudiantes respecto a las competencias para conducir la tutoría clínica presentan diferencias significativas en dos de los tres factores, como también en el desglose de ítems por factor, lo que da cuenta de los aspectos en los cuales las autopercepciones de los docentes son mejores que las percepciones de los estudiantes. CONCLUSIÓN: Se reconocen deficiencias del ejercicio del tutor que son percibidas por los estudiantes y que podrían ser mejoradas, como la autonomía, el razonamiento clínico y la efectividad de la retroalimentación, por lo que se sugiere diseñar un programa de capacitación sobre competencias docentes dirigido a tutores clínicos que responda a las debilidades percibidas

INTRODUCTION: Clinical tutoring/mentoring is defined today as an academic activity, which constitutes a transformation of knowledge field that involves students and teachers. The present study describes the perceptions about the competencies in the conduct of the tutorial process of the protagonists regarding this space of true transformation and growth of this educational process. Subjects and methods: Descriptive study in which the variable perception of the clinical tutor's teaching competence was evaluated in students and teachers of the clinical cycle of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Finis Terrae University, Chile. The perception was operationalized in three factors, and was evaluated by means of two instruments: CECD-O (students) and KPSI (teachers). The data were analyzed through measures of central tendency and the non-parametric Student's t test. RESULTS: The perception of teachers and students regarding the skills to conduct clinical tutoring, shows significant differences in two of the three factors, as well as in the breakdown of items by factor, accounting on the aspects in which the teachers'self-perceptions they are better than those perceived by students. CONCLUSION: There are recognized deficiencies in the tutor's exercise that are perceived by the students and that could be improved, such as autonomy, clinical reasoning and feedback effectiveness, which is why it is suggest designing a training program on teaching competencies aimed at clinical tutors in response to perceived weaknesses

O impacto das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais nos cursos de graduação em Odontologia do estado do Rio de Janeiro / The impact of the National Curriculum Guidelines on undergraduate courses in Dentistry in the state of Rio de Janeiro

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar o impacto das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) de 2002 para os cursos de graduação em Odontologia do estado do Rio de Janeiro avaliando a percepção dos egressos e dos docentes em relação ao perfil profissional do cirurgião-dentista proposto pelas DCN e intercessão com o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), considerando a integração ensino-serviço e as experiências na rede SUS, bem como, avaliando a orientação do cuidado em saúde no curso, a abordagem pedagógica do curso, a adequação dos projetos pedagógicos das Instituições de Ensino Superior com as DCN e a prática interprofissional no curso. A avaliação do impacto abordou quatro dimensões: Perfil do Egresso, Orientação do Cuidado em Saúde, Integração Ensino-serviço, e Abordagem Pedagógica, propostas por matriz de critérios e questionário semiestruturado validados no Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo analítico, multimetodológico, executado em quatro fases. Fase 1, questionário online para avaliar a percepção de egressos com até dois anos de formados em cursos de graduação em Odontologia de quatro instituições previamente sorteadas. Fase 2, questionários online para avaliar a percepção de docentes e coordenadores dos cursos de Odontologia do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nas fases 1 e 2 foram utilizados questionários enviados por e-mail e redes sociais. A abordagem envolveu análise de quantitativa para variáveis previamente estipuladas no questionário. Fase 3 foi realizada análise de conteúdo documental utilizando uma matriz de critérios para avaliação quantitativa dos Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso (PPC) de graduação em Odontologia do estado, obtidos através das coordenações ou encontrados nos sítios eletrônicos de cada instituição. E na Fase 4 foi utilizada a metodologia de grupos focais, tendo como público-alvo professores de três cursos da área da saúde (Medicina, Odontologia e Enfermagem) de uma mesma instituição pública. Os resultados demonstraram que na Fase 1 participaram do estudo 121 egressos de quatro instituições, sendo uma pública sem alteração formal do currículo após as DCN, uma pública com alteração do currículo e duas privadas com alteração do currículo. Uma das instituições privadasfoi excluída devido à baixa taxa de respostas. Na Fase 2, participaram 103 docentes e coordenadores/diretores de curso. Foi possível observar que egressos e docentes tiveram uma percepção positiva em relação às atividades propostas pelos cursos para a formação profissional seguindo às resoluções das DCN. Entretanto, foi demonstrado que existe pouca oferta de conteúdo/atividades em gestão de serviços, trabalho em equipes de saúde, trabalho em equipes multiprofissionais e deficiência de vivência no SUS. Na Fase 3, oito PPC foram analisados, e apresentaram adequação de seus textos com as resoluções propostas nas DCN, porém por vezes não houve explicação no PPC como as atividades eram desenvolvidas nos cursos. Na Fase 4, foram realizados 4 grupos focais on-line por Web conferência, com a participação de dez docentes de três cursos da área da saúde de uma instituição pública de ensino. A educação interprofissional foi identificada em iniciativas individuais de grupos ou de professores na Instituição avaliada, não sendo ainda uma diretriz institucional plenamente cumprida. Considerando as limitações do estudo, é possível observar que as DCN têm impacto positivo nos cursos de graduação em Odontologia avaliados, apesar de ainda haver a necessidade de melhorias em alguns pontos acima mencionados

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the 2002 National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN) for undergraduate courses in Dentistry in the state of Rio de Janeiro, evaluating the perception of graduates and professors in relation to the professional profile of dentists proposed by the DCN and intercession with the Unified Health System (SUS), considering the teachingservice integration and experiences in the SUS network, as well as evaluating the orientation of health care in the course, the pedagogical approach of the course, the adequacy of the pedagogical projects of the High Education Institution with the DCN and the interprofessional practice in the course. The impact assessment addressed four dimensions: Graduate Profile, Health Care Guidance, Teaching-service integration, and Pedagogical approach, proposed by a matrix of criteria and a semi-structured questionnaire validated in Brazil. A descriptive, analytical, multimethodological observational study was carried out in four phases. Phase 1, online questionnaire to assess the perception of graduates with up to 2 years of graduates in undergraduate courses in Dentistry from 4 previously drawn institutions. Phase 2, online questionnaires to assess the perception of teachers and coordinators of Dentistry courses in the State of Rio de Janeiro. In phases 1 and 2, questionnaires sent by email and social networks were used. The approach involved quantitative analysis for variables previously stipulated in the questionnaire. In Phase 3, document content analysis was carried out using a matrix of criteria for quantitative evaluation of Pedagogical Course Projects (PPC) for undergraduate Dentistry in the state, obtained through the coordination or found on the websites of each institution. And in Phase 4, the methodology of focus groups was used, with the target audience of professors from three courses in the health area (Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing) from the same public institution. The results showed that in Phase 1, 121 graduates from four institutions participated in the study, one public with no formal curriculum change after the DCN, one public with curriculum change and two privates with curriculum change. One of the private institutions was excluded due to the low response rate. In Phase 2, 103 teachers and course coordinators/directors participated. It was possible to observe that graduates and teachers had a positive perception in relation to the activities proposed by the courses for professional training, following the resolutions of the DCN. However, it has been shown that there is little offer of content/activities in service management, work in health teams, work in multidisciplinary teams and lack of experience in the SUS. In Phase 3, eight PPC were analyzed, and their texts were adapted to the resolutions proposed in the DCN, but sometimes there was no explanation in the PPC as the activities were developed in the courses. In Phase 4, four online focus groups were carried out via Web conference, with the participation of ten professors from three courses in the health area of a public educational institution. Interprofessional education was identified in individual initiatives by groups or by teachers in the assessed Institution, and it is not yet an institutional guideline fully complied with. Considering the limitations of the study, it is possible to observe that the DCN have a positive impact on the evaluated Dentistry undergraduate courses, although there is still a need for improvements in some points mentioned above.

COVID-19 Era: Challenges and Solutions in Dental Education.

Coronavirus infecious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought a myriad of challenges to the dental education. Amidst the quarantine and lockdown measures, face-to-face education is disrupted around the globe. Dental educators have come up with innovative solutions to resume dental education remotely. Different online platforms are being utilised for didactic teaching and learning as well as for students 2019; assessment and examination. Clinical learning has also shifted to virtual learning. Manikins and virtual reality/augmented reality (VR/AR)-based simulation devices along with haptic technology can be very helpful for skills training. However, some sorts of blended learning and virtual curriculum may be incorporated in dental education in the future. For this narrative review, a thorough in-depth review of the available literature, relevant to our field, was carried out. In this article, impact of COVID-19 on dental education has been discussed along with some solutions to these challenges. Key Words: COVID-19, Dental education, E-learning, Virtual/augmented reality.

Conscious sedation in Spanish dental schools: Current situation.

The current Spanish curricula for degrees in dentistry include conscious sedation (CS) as a basic training competency. However, is the CS training delivered by Spanish dental schools a consensus-based educational framework enabling students to use this anesthetic technique after graduation? To answer this research question, a study was designed aiming to identify the strategies used to teach this competency in Spanish dental schools and the characteristics of teaching. The authors reviewed legislation concerning officially established requirements for a degree in dentistry as well as curricula currently taught in Spain. Our analysis identified clear discrepancies among the schools of dentistry studied. The only overlap was observed in reference to the level of proficiency imparted, which prevents Spanish dentistry students from using this anesthetic technique after graduation. Specific features of the normative framework and of the Spanish legislative system underlying the design of the present curricula of degrees in dentistry would explain the discrepancies in CS competencies taught at our schools of dentistry. Almost 10 years since its implementation and in light of the new demands of the complex society in which we live, Spanish universities must unify their educational criteria regarding CS training to ensure the appropriate qualification of our new dentists in this technique.

The transition from amalgam to other restorative materials in the U.S. predoctoral pediatric dentistry clinics.

Increased concerns about the safety of amalgam restorations in children have resulted in many dental schools emphasizing the teaching of alternative dental materials. This study investigated the current teaching of different dental materials for use in posterior teeth in the United States predoctoral pediatric dentistry programs. In 2011, the authors invited the chairs of the predoctoral pediatric dentistry departments in all accredited dental schools at that time (N = 57) to participate in an internet-based survey. Descriptive statistics were calculated to describe the frequency of using different restorative materials. Regression models were developed to explore the factors related to the use of dental restorations in predoctoral pediatric clinics. Among the 44 dental schools that responded (77% response rate), 74% used amalgam, and 93% used composite in primary posterior teeth. Glass ionomer was used by 61% of the schools in primary posterior teeth. Placing amalgam in primary posterior teeth was associated with programs that treated more 3-5-year-old patients (ß = .302, p < .043), whereas the use of glass ionomer was associated with having students serving at off-site satellite dental clinics (ß = .015, p < .012). In general, having departments with chairs who had positive attitudes towards Minimal Invasive Dentistry (MID) used composite (ß = .091, p < .0001) and glass ionomer (ß = 103, p < .0001) more frequently and were less likely to use amalgam (ß = -.077, p < .005) in primary posterior teeth. Although teaching MID concepts in predoctoral pediatric clinics in dental schools is increasing, the use of amalgam in posterior primary and permanent teeth is still widely practiced.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior toward Evidence-based Dentistry among Dental Professionals in Jodhpur Rajasthan, India.

INTRODUCTION: Rendering quality care to the patient, dentists needs to update their skills and knowledge with latest diagnostics and treatment modalities. Evidence-based dentistry can provide best-known treatments. AIM: To assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of oral healthcare professionals toward evidence-based dentistry among dental professionals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 3 months from April 2017 to June 2017 in Jodhpur city, Rajasthan, India. The data were collected by using closed-ended questionnaires. A total of 240 study subjects participated in the survey, which include dental practitioners and dentists attached to the two private dental colleges in the Jodhpur. Chi-square test was used to determine significant difference among the three groups. RESULTS: Statistically significant difference among the three groups (academicians, practitioners, and academicians into dental practice) was found with regard to awareness of dentists about extracting journals, review publications, and databases relevant in carrying out evidence-based practice (EBP); 72.4% of academician felt lack of personal time was one of the major perceived barriers and about 50.7% of academician believe that learning skills of evidence-based dentistry helps them to utilize evidence-based dentistry in daily practice. CONCLUSION: Majority of the oral health practitioners were not aware about the concept of evidence-based dentistry. The regulatory body of dental sciences in India should make some necessary changes in the dental curriculum to include the concept of evidence-based dentistry in detail. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: To improve the clinical expertise of the dental professional, to aid dental professional to reach best decision regarding dental treatment of the patient, to improve patient safety, and to improve the success rate of dental treatments, evidence-based dentistry should be the integral part of everyday dental practice.

Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century: Phase 2 Report on Strategic Analysis and Recommendations.

In Phase 1 of the "Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century" project, research was conducted and published on a number of serious challenges facing dental and allied dental education, both presently and projected to 2040. Those findings informed the strategic analysis and recommendations developed in Phase 2 of the project. This report provides an overview of the Phase 2 conclusions and presents recommendations to address the challenges identified. The recommendations propose ways to educate a workforce prepared to meet the oral health needs of the population; develop a sustainable economic model that allows schools to meet their education, research, and service missions; make dental and allied dental education and practice an integral part of the larger health education and delivery systems; and keep dentistry advancing as a "learned" profession. This report begins with an Executive Summary and then presents the strategic analysis of challenges facing dental schools and allied dental programs and provides a brief explanation of the rationale for each recommendation. Two appendices are included with the report: the first summarizes discussions held at the national conference to consider the recommendations; and the second provides additional documentation of calculations used to estimate the number of new dental graduates needed in 2040.

Guidelines for development of Implant Dentistry in the next 10 years regarding innovation, education, certification, and associations.

BACKGROUND: During the third Summer Camp of European Association of Osseointegration (EAO), 40 junior representatives from various European societies and associations were brought together to discuss and explore the following topics in Implant Dentistry in the next 10 years: (I) certification, (II) societies and associations, (III) continuing education, and (IV) innovations. AIMS: The aims of all working groups were to identify and outline the present situation in the area of the selected topic and to propose improvements and innovations to be implemented in the following 10 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four different groups were assigned randomly to one of the four working units. The method to discuss the selected topics was World Cafè. The summaries of four topics were then given to all participants for peer review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: All four groups presented the conclusions and guidelines accordingly: (I) The recognition for Implant Dentistry and accreditation of training programs would lead to an improvement of the quality of care to the benefit of the patients; (II) Dental associations and societies have to continuously improve communication to meet needs of dental students, professionals, and patients (III) European Dental Board should be installed and become responsible for continue dental education; (IV) dental engineering, peri-implant diseases, and digital workflow in dentistry currently have limited tools that do not guarantee predictable results.

Direct Posterior Restorations: A 13-Year Survey of Teaching Trends and Use of Materials.

OBJECTIVE:: The study aimed to evaluate teaching trends and use of materials in direct posterior restorations during a 13-year period in an Israeli dental school. METHODS:: Data registered in computerized files, relating to posterior restorations performed in the student clinic during the past 13 years (2004-2016), were collected. The restorative materials used (ie, amalgam vs composite), the type of tooth, and the number of surfaces restored were analyzed. RESULTS:: Data analysis included 26,925 restorations performed during 13 years. The number of one-surface composite restorations increased from 54.7% (n=330) to 81.9% (n=873). Two-surface restorations increased from 33.3% (n=254) to 64.3% (n=721). The percentage of amalgam restorations in three-surface restorations decreased from 72.08% to 51.34% (n=173). Analysis of tooth type showed that in 2016, the number of composite restorations performed in premolars reached 80.87% (n=723) and in molars 63.50% (n=1035). The percentage of composite restorations in the mandible and the maxilla was virtually equal. CONCLUSIONS:: A clear trend in favor of composite resin restorations is evident in the 13-year survey and suggests a move toward an amalgam-free era.

Percepción del plagio académico en estudiantes de Odontología / Perception of academic plagiarism by dentistry students

El crédito otorgado a los autores permite evitar los casos de plagio y fraude intelectual. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la percepción y conducta de estudiantes universitarios sobre el plagio académico. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo que incluyó a 184 estudiantes del pregrado de la carrera de odontología, a quienes se les administró un cuestionario estructurado sobre la percepción del plagio como delito, el nivel de conocimiento sobre el plagio, la paráfrasis y la conducta a seguir en caso de encontrar artículos científicos duplicados. RESULTADOS: Con un promedio de edad de 20,6±2,8 años, el 68,5% de estudiantes percibe como un delito el plagio. El 53,3% de estudiantes conoce completamente lo que es el plagio, el 23,4% lo conoce parcialmente y un 23,4% lo desconoce; este conocimiento es mayor en estudiantes de los últimos años (p > 0,05). El 38% desconsideraría utilizar un artículo duplicado, pues lo perciben como un fraude académico. Un 8,2% de estudiantes sí lo utilizaría por considerarlo un duplicado de otro estudio. CONCLUSIÓN: Se puede concluir que la percepción sobre el plagio como un delito es relativamente alta, con un nivel de conocimiento regular de lo que es el plagio académico y un pobre nivel de conocimiento sobre lo que es la paráfrasis

Credit given to authors helps avoid cases of plagiarism and intellectual fraud. The aim of this study is to describe the perception and behaviour of university students on academic plagiarism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective study was designed involving 184 students from undergraduate Dentistry students. They completed a structured questionnaire with the items: perception of plagiarism as a crime, the level of knowledge about plagiarism, paraphrasing, and how to react in case of finding duplicate scientific articles. RESULTS: The students had a mean age 20.6±2.8 years of, and 68.5% of students perceived plagiarism as a crime. Just over half (53.3%) of students fully understand what plagiarism is, with 23.4% partially knowing, and the other 23.4% did not know about it. This knowledge is greater in final year students (P>.05). More than one-third (38%) would not use a duplicate paper because they perceive it as an academic fraud article, but 8.2% of students consider they would use it as a duplicate of another study. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the perception of plagiarism as a crime is relatively high, with an average level of knowledge of what academic plagiarism is, and poor level of knowledge about what paraphrasing is

Integrating student feedback during "Dental Curriculum Hack-A-thon".

BACKGROUND: The future of dental education is at crossroads. This study used the parameter of the 2016 Dental Curriculum Hack-a-Thon to assess intra- and inter-institutional agreement between student and faculty views regarding dental curriculums to determine if there is an impact in student perceptions towards dental education from before and after the event. METHODS: This exploratory, cross-sectional study involved two surveys, with Survey 1 being distributed among four faculty-student pairs of the four participating dental schools answering 14 questions. Survey 2 assessed the views of 20 participating dental students through 26 questions in a pre- and post- event survey design. Descriptive statistics were used to explore differences in perceptions towards dental education across both instrument surveys. RESULTS: The results revealed valuable student insights regarding intra- and inter-institutional agreement relevant for the change in dental curriculum that needs to occur. Survey 2 revealed that mandatory attendance in didactic courses, electronic based examination preferences, and the preference of preclinical courses being held in the first and second years of a four-year dental curriculum were of particular importance to student participants. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that exposure and participation in subjects pertaining to dental education can be influential on student preferences and opinions on how dental education should be delivered in a four-year curriculum.